2025 Volume 4 Issue 2
Creative Commons License

Epidemiological Determinants and Trends of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence in Poland


, , , ,
  1. Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
  2. Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population and in COVID-19 convalescents six months post-infection. The study included two groups: Group I comprised 232 individuals recovering from COVID-19, and Group II included 544 participants from a population-based cohort. Anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibodies were measured using the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay, while anti-spike (anti-S) antibodies were assessed using the LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG test. Following the Omicron wave, the general population showed a gradual increase in antibody prevalence, reaching 92.5% for anti-S and 69.7% for anti-N antibodies. Among COVID-19 convalescents, 6 months post-infection, 4.3% and 3.7% failed to develop detectable anti-S and anti-N antibodies, respectively. Among vaccinated individuals, 1% did not produce anti-S antibodies. Non-responders were generally older than responders, while sex had no significant effect. Comparisons of antibody levels six months post-infection revealed higher anti-N titers in previously infected patients compared to the general population. Notably, 17.4% of the general population without prior COVID-19 or vaccination had anti-N antibodies, and 9% had anti-S antibodies. The high prevalence of anti-N antibodies among individuals without reported COVID-19 history, even after the official end of the pandemic, indicates widespread SARS-CoV-2 exposure and frequent asymptomatic or undiagnosed infections. These findings have important implications for public health surveillance.


How to cite this article
Vancouver
Szum K, Suchy W, Wiglusz RJ, Nieoczym K, Duraj I. Epidemiological Determinants and Trends of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence in Poland. Bull Pioneer Res Med Clin Sci. 2025;4(2):115-25. https://doi.org/10.51847/thSAflPwvZ
APA
Szum, K., Suchy, W., Wiglusz, R. J., Nieoczym, K., & Duraj, I. (2025). Epidemiological Determinants and Trends of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence in Poland. Bulletin of Pioneering Researches of Medical and Clinical Science, 4(2), 115-125. https://doi.org/10.51847/thSAflPwvZ
Related articles:
Most viewed articles:
Issue 1 Volume 5 - 2026