Chemical toxicants are hazardous compounds that can cause oxidative processes that lead to detrimental metabolites for human health when inhaled, consumed, or come into touch with the surface of the skin. Quercetin and hesperidin's effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced nephrotoxicity were examined using a rat model. After being exposed to CCL4 (0.5 mg/kg), rats were gavaged with quercetin and hesperidin (2.4, 2.4, and 1.4 mg/kg each) for twenty-one days. To assess several biochemical indicators, samples were collected. Measurements were made of nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Renal function was assessed using the concentrations of the electrolytes Na, K, Ca, P, and Cl. The levels of GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GSH (glutathione), and CAT (catalase) were measured for antioxidants, and histopathology was also investigated. After being exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), the concentrations of the electrolytes Na, K, Ca, P, and Cl as well as the histopathological findings increased significantly (P <0.05), the kidney's levels of H2O2, MDA, SOD, CAT, GPX, and GSH. H2O2, NO, and MDA levels were significantly decreased after receiving quercetin and hesperidin therapy (P <0.05), while the concentrations of GPX, SOD, GSH, and CAT were considerably (P <0.05) altered in the rats. Hesperidin and quercetin therapy prevented carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced nephrotoxicity. A combination of quercetin and hesperidin work as antioxidants and free radical scavengers together, they may be able to reduce nephrotoxicity occasioned by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).
